Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle petrol engine, the compression

Starts at bottom dead centre and ends at top dead centre
Starts at 40° after bottom dead centre and ends at 30° before top dead centre
Starts at 40° before bottom dead centre and ends at 30° after bottom dead centre
May start and end anywhere

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed 4-stroke cycle diesel engines

Exhaust valve opens at bottom dead center and closes at top dead center
Exhaust valve opens at 35° before bottom dead center and closes at 20° after top dead center
May open and close anywhere
Exhaust valve opens just after bottom dead center and closes just before top dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
Volatility of diesel fuel oil is

It catches fire without external aid
Temperature at which it solidifies or congeals
Minimum temperature to which oil is heated in order to give off inflammable vapours in sufficient quantity to ignite momentarily when brought in contact with a flame
Indicated by 90% distillation temperature, i.e., when 90% of sample oil has distilled off

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