Internal Combustion Engines
The fuel valve in a four stroke cycle diesel engine

Opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center
Opens at 15° before top dead center and closes at 20° after top dead center
Opens at 15° after top dead center and closes at 20° before bottom dead center
May open and close anywhere

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Internal Combustion Engines
Scavenging air in diesel engine means

Air used for forcing burnt gases out of engine's cylinder during the exhaust period
Burnt air containing products of combustion
Air used for combustion sent under pressure
Forced air for cooling cylinder

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