Internal Combustion Engines
The tangential velocity of the water element having a free vortex is

Directly proportional to its distance from the centre
Inversely proportional to its (distance)2 from the centre
Directly proportional to its (distance)2 from the centre
Inversely proportional to its distance from the centre

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Internal Combustion Engines
Compression ratio of I.C. Engines is

Volume displaced by piston per stroke and clearance volume in cylinder
The ratio of volumes of air in cylinder before compression stroke and after compression stroke
Ratio of pressure after compression and before compression
Swept volume/cylinder volume

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed 4-stroke cycle diesel engines

Exhaust valve opens at bottom dead center and closes at top dead center
Exhaust valve opens at 35° before bottom dead center and closes at 20° after top dead center
Exhaust valve opens just after bottom dead center and closes just before top dead center
May open and close anywhere

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