Internal Combustion Engines
For maximum power generation, the air fuel ratio for a petrol engine for vehicles, is of the order of

0.75069444444444
0.62569444444444
0.50069444444444
0.37569444444444

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Internal Combustion Engines
If V₁ is the jet velocity and V₀ is the vehicle velocity, then the propulsive efficiency of a rocket is given by

V₀/(V₀ + V₁)
[2(V₀/V₁)]/ [1 + (V₀/V₁)²]
(V₀/V₁)/ [1 + (V₀/V₁)²]
V₁/(V₀ + V₁)

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed, 4-stroke cycle diesel engine

Fuel injection starts at 10° before top dead center and ends at 20° after top dead center
May start and end anywhere
Fuel injection starts at just before top dead center and ends just after top dead center
Fuel injection starts at top dead center and ends at 20° after top dead center

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