Internal Combustion Engines
For maximum power generation, the air fuel ratio for a petrol engine for vehicles, is of the order of

0.50069444444444
0.62569444444444
0.37569444444444
0.75069444444444

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed 4-stroke cycle diesel engine the inlet valve

Opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center
Opens at 20° before top dead center and closes at 35° after the bottom dead center
Opens at 10° after top dead center and closes 20° before the bottom dead center
May open or close anywhere

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Internal Combustion Engines
The expansion of fuel in a four stroke cycle diesel engine

Starts at 15° before top dead center and ends at 30° after top dead center
Starts at 15° after top dead center and ends at 30° before bottom dead center
Starts at top dead center and ends at 30° after top dead center
May start and end anywhere

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