Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle diesel engine, the compression

Starts at 40° after bottom dead center and ends at 10° before top dead center
May start and end anywhere
Starts at top dead center and ends at 40° before bottom dead center
Starts at 40° before top dead center and ends at 40° after top dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
As compared to air standard cycle, in actual working, the effect of variation in specific heats is to

Increase maximum pressure and decrease maximum temperature
Increase maximum pressure and maximum temperature
Reduce maximum pressure and maximum temperature
Decrease maximum pressure and increase maximum temperature

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