Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle petrol engine, the compression

May start and end anywhere
Starts at 40° after bottom dead centre and ends at 30° before top dead centre
Starts at bottom dead centre and ends at top dead centre
Starts at 40° before bottom dead centre and ends at 30° after bottom dead centre

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Internal Combustion Engines
As compared to air standard cycle, in actual working, the effect of variation in specific heats is to

Increase maximum pressure and maximum temperature
Decrease maximum pressure and increase maximum temperature
Increase maximum pressure and decrease maximum temperature
Reduce maximum pressure and maximum temperature

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