Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The jet ratio is defined as the ratio of the

Velocity of Pelton wheel to the velocity of jet
Diameter of Pelton wheel to the diameter of jet
Diameter of jet to the diameter of Pelton wheel
Velocity of jet to the velocity of Pelton wheel

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
A compound pipe of diameter d1, d2 and d3 having lengths l1, l2 and l3 is to be replaced by an equivalent pipe of uniform diameter d and of the same length (l) as that of the compound pipe. The size of the equivalent pipe is given by

l/d⁴ = (l₁/d₁⁴) + (l₂/d₂⁴) + (l₃/d₃⁴)
l/d³ = (l₁/d₁³) + (l₂/d₂³) + (l₃/d₃³)
l/d² = (l₁/d₁²) + (l₂/d₂²) + (l₃/d₃²)
l/d⁵ = (l₁/d₁⁵) + (l₂/d₂⁵) + (l₃/d₃⁵)

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