Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The jet ratio is defined as the ratio of the

Velocity of Pelton wheel to the velocity of jet
Diameter of jet to the diameter of Pelton wheel
Velocity of jet to the velocity of Pelton wheel
Diameter of Pelton wheel to the diameter of jet

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a wholly drowned orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of water (on the upstream side) above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of water (on the downstream side) above the bottom of the orifice, and H = Difference between two water levels on either side of the orifice)

Q = Cd × bH2 × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × b (H2 - H1) × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH₁ × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH × √(2gh)

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