Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Theoretical power required (in watts) to drive a reciprocating pump is (where w = Specific weight of liquid to be pumped in N/m3, Q = Discharge of the pump in m3/s, Hs = Suction head in meters, and Hd = Delivery head in meters)

wQ (Hs + Hd)
wQ (Hs - Hd)
wQHs
wQHd

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In a reaction turbine, the draft tube is used

To run the turbine full
To transport water to downstream
To increase the head of water by an amount equal to the height of the runner outlet above the tail race
To prevent air to enter the turbine

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