Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
If V1 and V2 are the velocities of water at inlet and outlet of the draft tube respectively, then the efficiency of a draft tube is

V1² / (V1² - V2²)
(V­1² - V2²) / V1²
V1 / (V1 - V2)
(V­1 - V2) / V1

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a wholly drowned orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of water (on the upstream side) above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of water (on the downstream side) above the bottom of the orifice, and H = Difference between two water levels on either side of the orifice)

Q = Cd × bH₁ × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × b (H2 - H1) × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH2 × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH × √(2gh)

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