Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a wholly drowned orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of water (on the upstream side) above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of water (on the downstream side) above the bottom of the orifice, and H = Difference between two water levels on either side of the orifice)

Q = Cd × bH × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH₁ × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × b (H2 - H1) × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH2 × √(2gh)

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Which of the following is an incorrect statement ?

None of these
Discharge is independent of orientation of venturimeter whether it is horizontal, vertical or inclined
Coefficient of contraction of a venturimeter is unity
Flow nozzle is cheaper than venturimeter but has higher energy loss

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Coefficient of velocity is defined as the ratio of

Area of jet at vena contracta to the area of orifice
None of these
Actual velocity of jet at vena contracta to the theoretical velocity
Actual discharge through an orifice to the theoretical discharge

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