Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The flow ratio of Francis turbine is defined as the ratio of the

None of these
Velocity of runner at inlet to the velocity of flow at inlet
Theoretical velocity of jet to the velocity of flow at inlet
Velocity of flow at inlet to the theoretical jet velocity

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a wholly drowned orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of water (on the upstream side) above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of water (on the downstream side) above the bottom of the orifice, and H = Difference between two water levels on either side of the orifice)

Q = Cd × bH × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH₁ × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH2 × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × b (H2 - H1) × √(2gh)

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