Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a channel of trapezoidal section is maximum when

The sloping side is equal to half the width at the top
Depth of channel is equal to the width at the bottom
Width of channel at the top is equal to twice the width at the bottom
The sloping side is equal to the width at the bottom

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The hammer blow in pipes occurs when

There is excessive leakage in the pipe
The pipe bursts under high pressure of fluid
The flow of fluid through the pipe is gradually brought to rest by closing of the valve
The flow of fluid through the pipe is suddenly brought to rest by closing of the valve

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