Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge over a rectangular weir, considering the velocity of approach, is (whereH1 = H + Ha = Total height of water above the weir, H = Height of water over the crest of the weir, and Ha = Height of water due to velocity of approach)

(2/3) Cd × L. √2g [H13/2 - Ha3/2]
(2/3) Cd × L.√2g [H12 - Ha2]
(2/3) Cd × L. √2g [H15/2 - Ha5/2]
(2/3) Cd × L.√2g [H1 - Ha]

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Runaway speed of a hydraulic turbine is

The speed at which turbine runner will be damaged
The speed if the turbine runner is allowed to revolve freely without load and with the wicket gates wide open
Full load speed
The speed corresponding to maximum overload permissible

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