Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The conditions for the stable equilibrium of a floating body are

the center of buoyancy and the center of gravity must lie on the same vertical line
all the above are correct
the meta-center should lie above the center of gravity
a righting couple should be formed

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a wholly drowned orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of water (on the upstream side) above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of water (on the downstream side) above the bottom of the orifice, and H = Difference between two water levels on either side of the orifice)

Q = Cd × bH × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH2 × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × b (H2 - H1) × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH₁ × √(2gh)

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Overall efficiency of a centrifugal pump is the ratio of

Manometric head to the energy supplied by the impeller per kN of water
Energy available at the impeller to the energy supplied to the pump by the prime mover
Energy supplied to the pump to the energy available at the impeller
Actual work-done by the pump to the energy supplied to the pump by the prime mover

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