Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The force exerted by a moving fluid on an immersed body is directly proportional to the rate of change of momentum due to the presence of the body. This statement is called

Newton's law of cooling
Newton's law of viscosity
Newton's law of resistance
Newton's law of motion

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
An orifice is said to be large, if

The available head of liquid is less than 5 times the height of orifice
The velocity of flow is large
The available head of liquid is more than 5 times the height of orifice
The size of orifice is large

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a large rectangular orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of the liquid above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of the liquid above the bottom of the orifice, b = Breadth of the orifice, and Cd = Coefficient of discharge)

Q = (2/3) Cd × b × √(2g) × (H23/2 - H13/2)
Q = (2/3) Cd × b × √(2g) × (H2 - H1)
Q = (2/3) Cd × b × √(2g) × (H22 - H12)
Q = (2/3) Cd × b × √(2g) × (H21/2 - H11/2)

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