Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Two pipes of same length and diameters d and 2d respectively are connected in series. The diameter of an equivalent pipe of same length is

between 1.5 d and 2d
between d and 1.5 d
greater than 2d
less than d

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Surface tension

Acts in the plane of the interface normal to any line in the surface
Is a function of the curvature of the interface
Is also known as capillarity
Decreases with fall in temperature

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In an outward flow reaction turbine

The water enters the wheel at the outer periphery and then flows towards the centre of the wheel
The water enters at the centre of the wheel and then flows towards the outer periphery of the wheel
The water flows parallel to the axis of the wheel
The flow of water is partly radial and partly axial

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