Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Mach number is significant in

simultaneous motion through two fluids where there is a surface of dis-continuity, gravity force, and wave making effects, as with ship’s hulls
supersonics, as with projectiles and jet propulsion
full immersion or completely enclosed flow, as with pipes, aircraft wings, nozzles etc
all of fhe above

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Coefficient of velocity is defined as the ratio of

Actual velocity of jet at vena contracta to the theoretical velocity
Actual discharge through an orifice to the theoretical discharge
Area of jet at vena contracta to the area of orifice
None of these

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
If the elevation of hydraulic grade line at the junction of three pipes is above the elevation of reservoirs B and C and below reservoir A, then the direction of flow will be

from reservoir A to reservoirs B and C
from reservoir B to reservoirs C and A
unpredictable
from reservoir C to reservoirs A and B

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