Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The flow in a pipe or channel is said to be non-uniform when

The liquid particles at different sections have different velocities
Each liquid particle has a definite path
The liquid particles at all sections have the same velocities
The quantity of liquid flowing per second is constant

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The depth of centre of pressure (h) for a vertically immersed surface from the liquid surface is given by (where IG = Moment of inertia of the immersed surface about horizontal axis through its centre of gravity, A = Area of immersed surface, and x = Depth of centre of gravity of the immersed surface from the liquid surface)

(IG/x̅) - Ax̅
(IG/Ax̅) + x̅
(Ax̅/IG) + x̅
(IG/Ax̅) - x̅

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