Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
According to Francis formula, the discharge over a rectangular weir is (where n = Number of end contractions)

(2/3) × Cd (L - nH) × √(2gh)
(2/3) × Cd (L - nH) × √(2g) × H5/2
(2/3) × Cd (L - nH) × √(2g) × H²
(2/3) × Cd (L - 0.1nH) × √(2g) × H3/2

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The purpose of a surge tank is

To eliminate water hammer possibilities
To control the pressure variations due to rapid changes in the pipe line flow
All of these
To regulate flow of water to turbines by providing necessary retarding head of water

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