Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
According to Francis formula, the discharge over a rectangular weir is (where n = Number of end contractions)

(2/3) × Cd (L - 0.1nH) × √(2g) × H3/2
(2/3) × Cd (L - nH) × √(2g) × H²
(2/3) × Cd (L - nH) × √(2g) × H5/2
(2/3) × Cd (L - nH) × √(2gh)

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In an inward flow reaction turbine

The water enters the wheel at the outer periphery and then flows towards the center of the wheel
The flow of water is partly radial and partly axial
The water flows parallel to the axis of the wheel
The water enters at the center of the wheel and then flows towards the outer periphery of the wheel

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