Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
According to Francis formula, the discharge over a rectangular weir is (where n = Number of end contractions)

(2/3) × Cd (L - 0.1nH) × √(2g) × H3/2
(2/3) × Cd (L - nH) × √(2g) × H²
(2/3) × Cd (L - nH) × √(2gh)
(2/3) × Cd (L - nH) × √(2g) × H5/2

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a wholly drowned orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of water (on the upstream side) above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of water (on the downstream side) above the bottom of the orifice, and H = Difference between two water levels on either side of the orifice)

Q = Cd × b (H2 - H1) × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH₁ × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH2 × √(2gh)

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Coefficient of velocity is defined as the ratio of

Actual velocity of jet at vena contracta to the theoretical velocity
Area of jet at vena contracta to the area of orifice
Actual discharge through an orifice to the theoretical discharge
None of these

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