Estimating and Costing
The cross-section of a road partly in banking and partly in cutting is shown in the given figure. The area of the shaded portion is

⅓ × (b - rd)²/(r - s)
½ × (b + rd)²/(r - s)
⅓ × (b - rd)²/(r + s)
⅓ × (b - rd)²/(s - r)

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Estimating and Costing
Pick up the correct statement regarding the centre line method of estimating a building

The centre line length is reduced by half the layer of main wall joining the partition wall
All of these
The centre line is worked out separately for different sections of walls of a building
Product of the centre line of the walls and area of cross-section of any item, gives total quantity of the item

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