Theory of Machine
The contact ratio is given by

(Length of the arc of approach)/cosφ
(Length of the arc of contact)/(Circular pitch)
(Length of path of recess)/(Circular pitch)
(Length of the path of approach)/(Circular pitch)

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Theory of Machine
A rigid body, under the action of external forces, can be replaced by two masses placed at a fixed distance apart. The two masses form an equivalent dynamical system, if

The sum of the two masses is equal to the total mass of body
All of these
The center of gravity of the two masses coincides with that of the body
The sum of mass moment of inertia of the masses about their center of gravity is equal to the mass moment of inertia of the body

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