Theory of Machine
The contact ratio is given by

(Length of path of recess)/(Circular pitch)
(Length of the arc of approach)/cosφ
(Length of the path of approach)/(Circular pitch)
(Length of the arc of contact)/(Circular pitch)

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Theory of Machine
Effort of a governor is the

Mean force exerted at the sleeve for maximum equilibrium speed
Mean force exerted at the sleeve for a given percentage change of speed
Work-done at the sleeve for maximum equilibrium speed
None of these

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