Airport Engineering
Effective length of a runway is the distance between

Ends of the runway
Point of intersection of the obstruction clearance line and the extended plane of the runway surface, and the other end of the runway
Ends of the clear way on either side
Point of intersection of the glide path and the extended plane of the runway surface and the other end of the runway

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Airport Engineering
Wing loading of an aircraft is

Gross total weight of the aircraft/ wing area
Gross total weight of the aircraft/total available H.P of engines
Gross total weight of the aircraft/ load of the wings
Load of the wings

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