Microorganisms and Disease
Pseudomembraneous colitis is

caused by a gram-positive bacterium
caused by a spore-forming bacterium
precipitated by the use of certain antibiotics
All of these

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Microorganisms and Disease
The "A" subunit of diphtheria toxin

lysis macrophages with the release of cytokines
forms cAMP that leads to fluid accumulation
cause ADP ribosylation of a factor involved in protein synthesis
binds host cell receptors found on heart cells

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Microorganisms and Disease
Type III secretion systems are used to inject "effector" proteins directly into a host cell. Salmonella uses a type III secretion system to help the pathogen to

secrete LT (heat labile toxin) and ST (heat stable toxin) into the lumen of the intestine
survive within macrophages
survive the acid pH of the stomach
activate T cells to proliferate and secrete cytokines

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is true regarding anthrax?

Anthrax is highly contagious
Anthrax is caused by a virus
Inhalation Anthrax requires infection with a large number of spores
Inhalation anthrax and cutaneous anthrax are caused by separate strains of Bacillus anthracis

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