Microorganisms and Disease
Pseudomembraneous colitis is

caused by a gram-positive bacterium
All of these
precipitated by the use of certain antibiotics
caused by a spore-forming bacterium

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Microorganisms and Disease
Type III secretion systems are used to inject "effector" proteins directly into a host cell. Salmonella uses a type III secretion system to help the pathogen to

activate T cells to proliferate and secrete cytokines
survive the acid pH of the stomach
secrete LT (heat labile toxin) and ST (heat stable toxin) into the lumen of the intestine
survive within macrophages

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