Microorganisms and Disease
Pseudomembraneous colitis is

precipitated by the use of certain antibiotics
caused by a gram-positive bacterium
caused by a spore-forming bacterium
All of these

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following characteristic of the Rotavirus was important for the construction of the Rotashield vaccine?

The ability of the Rotavirus to be transmitted faster
A limited number of capsule types
The ability of monkey Rotavirus strains to cause serious illness (diarrhea) in human beings
The possession of a segmented RNA genome

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Microorganisms and Disease
Type III secretion systems are used to inject "effector" proteins directly into a host cell. Salmonella uses a type III secretion system to help the pathogen to

secrete LT (heat labile toxin) and ST (heat stable toxin) into the lumen of the intestine
activate T cells to proliferate and secrete cytokines
survive the acid pH of the stomach
survive within macrophages

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Microorganisms and Disease
The "A" subunit of diphtheria toxin

lysis macrophages with the release of cytokines
cause ADP ribosylation of a factor involved in protein synthesis
binds host cell receptors found on heart cells
forms cAMP that leads to fluid accumulation

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