Internal Combustion Engines
Pre-ignition is caused by the spontaneous combustion of the mixture before the end of the compression stroke, and is due to

Overheated spark plug points
Any one of the listed here
Red hot carbon deposits on cylinder walls
Cylinder walls being too hot

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Internal Combustion Engines
The compensating jet in a carburettor supplies almost constant amount of petrol at all speeds because the

Jet area is automatically varied depending on the suction
Flow is produced due to the static head in the float chamber
The flow from the main jet is diverted to the compensating jet with increase in speed
The diameter of the jet is constant and the discharge coefficient is invariant

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Internal Combustion Engines
The expansion of fuel in a four stroke cycle diesel engine

Starts at 15° before top dead center and ends at 30° after top dead center
Starts at top dead center and ends at 30° after top dead center
Starts at 15° after top dead center and ends at 30° before bottom dead center
May start and end anywhere

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Internal Combustion Engines
Pick up the wrong statement about supercharging

Supercharging reduces knocking in diesel engines
Supercharging results in fuel economy
Supercharging at high altitudes is essential
There can be limited supercharging in petrol engines because of detonation

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Internal Combustion Engines
The tangential velocity of the water element having a free vortex is

Inversely proportional to its (distance)2 from the centre
Directly proportional to its (distance)2 from the centre
Inversely proportional to its distance from the centre
Directly proportional to its distance from the centre

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