Internal Combustion Engines
Pre-ignition is caused by the spontaneous combustion of the mixture before the end of the compression stroke, and is due to

Overheated spark plug points
Red hot carbon deposits on cylinder walls
Any one of the listed here
Cylinder walls being too hot

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Internal Combustion Engines
The purpose of testing an internal combustion engine is

To conform the data used in design, the validity of which may be doubtful
All of these
To satisfy the customer regarding the performance of the engine
To determine the information, which cannot be obtained by calculations

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