Process Equipment and Plant Design
Normally, the plate thickness of the bottoms and roofs of vertically cylindrical storage vessels as compared to that of the cylindrical shell is

More
More or less depending upon the pressure & temperature inside the vessel and the nature of the fluid contained therein
Same
Less

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Generally, elliptical dished heads

Are approximately as strong as seamless cylindrical shell having the corresponding I.D and O.D
Resist half the pressure rating compared to hemi spherical head provided on the cylindrical shell of the same thickness and diameter
All of these
Are manufactured on 2:1 ratio of major to minor axis and is recommended to be used for pressure vessels operating above a pressure of 1.5 MN/m²

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