Microbiology of Soils
Nitrogen oxidation (nitrification)refers to the

changing of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to nitrogen compounds
conversion of ammonium ions into nitrates through the activities of certain bacteria.
sulfur is oxidized to the sulfate form through Thiobacillus bacteria
None of these

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Microbiology of Soils
Nitrogen fixation

fix the free nitrogen (N2) by which it should not be usable by plants
especially changes nitrogen compounds, mostly amines such as NH2
both (a) and (b)
changes the free nitrogen (N2) to a form usable by plants

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Microbiology of Soils
A heterocyst is

a cell that carries out oxygenic photosynthesis
the progenitor of cyanobacterial vegetative cells
a terminally differentiated cell that fixes nitrogen
a type of spore

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