Microbiology of Soils
Syntrophism involves

no exchange of nutrients among species
no exchange of nutrients between two species
exchange of nutrients among species
exchange of nutrients between two species

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Microbiology of Soils
Denitrification is

changing of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to nitrogen compounds
both (a) and (b)
reduction of nitrate to organic nitrogen compounds
reduction of nitrate (NO3-) to nitrogen gas

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Microbiology of Soils
Nitrogen oxidation (nitrification)refers to the

sulfur is oxidized to the sulfate form through Thiobacillus bacteria
conversion of ammonium ions into nitrates through the activities of certain bacteria.
changing of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to nitrogen compounds
None of these

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