Microbiology of Soils
The transformation of nitrates to gaseous nitrogen is accomplished by microorganisms in a series of biochemical reactions. The process is known as

ammonification
nitrogen fixation
denitrification
nitrification

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Microbiology of Soils
Nitrogen fixation by the microorganisms can be detected by adopting the approach of

All of these
measuring15N2 by mass spectrometer
cultivating the microorganisms in the presence of nitrogen labeled with isotropic nitrogen
demonstrating growth in a nitrogen free medium

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Microbiology of Soils
The groups of symbiotic bacteria, which have the ability to fix nitrogen

All of these
grow together for a mutual benefit is called symbiosis and so these bacteria are called symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria
these bacteria are from the genus, Rhizobium
derive their food and minerals from the legume, and in turn they supply the legume with some or all of its nitrogen

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