Microbiology of Soils
The transformation of nitrates to gaseous nitrogen is accomplished by microorganisms in a series of biochemical reactions. The process is known as

nitrogen fixation
nitrification
denitrification
ammonification

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Microbiology of Soils
Denitrification is

reduction of nitrate (NO3-) to nitrogen gas
changing of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to nitrogen compounds
reduction of nitrate to organic nitrogen compounds
both (a) and (b)

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