Microbiology of Soils
The transformation of nitrates to gaseous nitrogen is accomplished by microorganisms in a series of biochemical reactions. The process is known as

nitrification
ammonification
nitrogen fixation
denitrification

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Microbiology of Soils
Syntrophism involves

exchange of nutrients among species
no exchange of nutrients among species
exchange of nutrients between two species
no exchange of nutrients between two species

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