Microbiology of Soils
The transformation of nitrates to gaseous nitrogen is accomplished by microorganisms in a series of biochemical reactions. The process is known as

nitrification
denitrification
nitrogen fixation
ammonification

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Microbiology of Soils
Nitrogen fixation by the microorganisms can be detected by adopting the approach of

cultivating the microorganisms in the presence of nitrogen labeled with isotropic nitrogen
All of these
measuring15N2 by mass spectrometer
demonstrating growth in a nitrogen free medium

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