Estimating and Costing
In the mid-section formula

All of these
The mean depth is the average of depths of two consecutive sections
The area of mid-sections is calculated by using mean depth
The volume of the earth work is calculated by multiplying the mid-section area by the distance between the two original sections

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Estimating and Costing
Pick up the incorrect statement regarding a master trap from the following:

It is provided in between the lower end of the house drain and the street sewer
It is provided a cleaning eye at the top of the trap
The water seal is less than that of ordinary traps
The mica flap valve which opens inwards only, is fitted at the top of the inlet pipe

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Estimating and Costing
The assumption on which the trapezoidal formula for volumes is based, is

All listed here
The end sections are parallel planes
The mid-area of a pyramid is half the average area of the ends
The volume of the Prismoidal is over-estimated and hence a Prismoidal correction is applied

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