Mass Transfer
In an operating distillation column, the

Driving force for the vapor flow is the pressure drop, as the pressure decreases gradually from the bottom to the top of the column
Driving force for the liquid flow is its specific weight
Highest temperature is encountered at the top of the column
Vapors and liquids are at their dew point and bubble point respectively

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Mass Transfer
An example of elutioh is

Dissolution of tannin out of tree barks by water
Separation of sugar from sugar beet by hot water
Separation of uranium oxide from its ore by H₂SO₄ in a Pachuca tank
Recovery of vegetable oils from seeds

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