Mass Transfer
In an operating distillation column, the

Driving force for the liquid flow is its specific weight
Vapors and liquids are at their dew point and bubble point respectively
Driving force for the vapor flow is the pressure drop, as the pressure decreases gradually from the bottom to the top of the column
Highest temperature is encountered at the top of the column

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Mass Transfer
In a counter-current liquid extractor

Liquid's flow rate depends upon the temperature and pressure
Both liquids flow at fixed rate
Both liquids can have any desired flow rate
Only one of the liquids may be pumped at any desired rate

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Mass Transfer
McCabe-Thiele method

Uses molal units for material and energy balance
Uses weight fractions to express liquid and vapour composition
Is more accurate than Ponchan-Savarit method
Can use any type of units

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