Mass Transfer
In a packed tower, the value of HETP equals HTUOG, when the equilibrium and the operating lines are (where, HETP = height equivalant to a theoretical plate HTUOG = overall gas phase height of a transfer unit)

Straight
Neither A nor B
Both A & B
Parallel

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Mass Transfer
Use of raschig rings in place of crushed stones as packing in packed beds (other things being same)

Decreases pressure drop, increases surface area
Increases pressure drop, increases surface area
Increases pressure drop, decreases surface area
Decreases pressure drop, decreases surface area

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