Mass Transfer
Use of packed towers for distillation is generally limited to the

Multicomponent distillation
Vacuum distillation
Small sizes
High pressure operation

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Mass Transfer
In a counter-current liquid extractor

Liquid's flow rate depends upon the temperature and pressure
Only one of the liquids may be pumped at any desired rate
Both liquids can have any desired flow rate
Both liquids flow at fixed rate

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Mass Transfer
A 25 cm x 25 cm x 1 cm flat sheet weighing 1.2 kg initially was dried from both sides under constant drying rate conditions. It took 1500 seconds for the weight of the sheet to reduce to 1.05 kg. Another 1m x 1m x 1cm flat sheet of the same material is to be dried from one side only.Under the same constant drying rate conditions, the time required for drying (in seconds) from its initial weight of 19.2 kg to 17.6 kg is

2000
1000
1500
2500

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Mass Transfer
For water-ethanol system, the minimum reflux ratio

Cannot be computed
Is computed from the intercept of the operating line
Is the optimum reflux ratio
Is computed from the slope of the upper operating line that is tangent to the equilibrium curve

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