Mass Transfer
Channelling is most severe

In towers packed randomly with crushed solids
In towers packed with stacked packing
At very high liquid flow rate
In dumped packing of regular units

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Mass Transfer
An aqueous solution of methanol is to be distilled in a tray column. High pressure steam is available as a source of heat. For a given reflux ratio and overhead composition, two options are being explored; (i) a reboiler is used and (ii) no reboiler is used but steam is fed directly to the bottom of the column. As compared to option (i), in option (ii)

Less number of trays are required
Composition of the residue remains unchanged
More number of trays are required and the residue composition is more dilute in methanol
More number of trays are required but the residue composition remains unchanged

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