Mass Transfer
Cox chart, which is useful in the design of distillation column particularly for petroleum hydrocarbons, is a plot of (where, P = vapor pressure, T = temperature)

T vs . P
Log P vs. log T
Log P vs . T
P vs . log T

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Mass Transfer
Entrainer used in azeotropic distillation should

Have high latent heat of vaporisation
Form a new azeotrope of low relative volatility with one of the constituents of the mixture
Have high viscosity to provide high tray efficiency
Form a low boiling azeotrope with one of the constituents of the mixture

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Mass Transfer
In an operating distillation column, the

Highest temperature is encountered at the top of the column
Driving force for the liquid flow is its specific weight
Vapors and liquids are at their dew point and bubble point respectively
Driving force for the vapor flow is the pressure drop, as the pressure decreases gradually from the bottom to the top of the column

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Mass Transfer
Flash distillation is

Same as differential distillation
Most useful for handling binary systems
Same as simple distillation
Used for multicomponent systems like crude refining

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