Mass Transfer
In case of an absorber, the operating

Line always lies below the equilibrium curve
Line can be either above or below the equilibrium curve
Velocity is more than the loading velocity
Line always lies above the equilibrium curve

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Mass Transfer
In an operating distillation column, the

Driving force for the vapor flow is the pressure drop, as the pressure decreases gradually from the bottom to the top of the column
Vapors and liquids are at their dew point and bubble point respectively
Highest temperature is encountered at the top of the column
Driving force for the liquid flow is its specific weight

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