Mass Transfer
A distillation column with N plates is being operated under normal conditions. At some point of time, the operation is shifted to total reflux condition (i.e., no product and residue are being withdrawn and feed to the column is stopped). At the new steady state,

The top and bottom compositions are unchanged with and without total reflux
The top and bottom compositions correspond to the maximum enrichment available
Composition of vapors and that of liquid do not vary throughout the column
Reboiler load and condenser load are minimum

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Mass Transfer
Use of raschig rings in place of crushed stones as packing in packed beds (other things being same)

Decreases pressure drop, decreases surface area
Increases pressure drop, increases surface area
Decreases pressure drop, increases surface area
Increases pressure drop, decreases surface area

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