Mass Transfer
A distillation column with N plates is being operated under normal conditions. At some point of time, the operation is shifted to total reflux condition (i.e., no product and residue are being withdrawn and feed to the column is stopped). At the new steady state,

Composition of vapors and that of liquid do not vary throughout the column
Reboiler load and condenser load are minimum
The top and bottom compositions are unchanged with and without total reflux
The top and bottom compositions correspond to the maximum enrichment available

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Mass Transfer
The term "approach" in a cooling tower refers to the difference in the temperature of the

None of these
Hot water entering and the cooled water leaving the cooling tower
Cold water leaving the tower and the wet bulb temperature of the surrounding air
Hot water entering the tower and the wet bulb temperature of the surrounding air

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Mass Transfer
To get high tray efficiency

Gas velocity should be very low
Interfacial surface between liquid and gas phase should be large
Time of contact between the two phases should be less
Liquid entrainment should be severe

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