Mass Transfer
For a fixed number of ideal stages in a distillation column, as the reflux ratio is increased, the difference in composition between the top and bottom product streams

Increases
Passes through a maximum
Remains unaffected
Decreases

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Mass Transfer
Molecular diffusion is caused by the

Transfer of molecules from low concentration to high concentration region
Activation energy of the molecules
Thermal energy of the molecules
Potential energy of the molecules

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Mass Transfer
Plate efficiency

Is a function of the mass transfer between liquid and vapour
Increases due to foaming
Increases due to weeping and dumping of liquid
Increases due to liquid entrainment

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