Mass Transfer
For a fixed number of ideal stages in a distillation column, as the reflux ratio is increased, the difference in composition between the top and bottom product streams

Passes through a maximum
Remains unaffected
Increases
Decreases

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Mass Transfer
Fenske's equation for determining the minimum number of theoretical stages in distillation column holds good, when the

Relative volatility is reasonably constant
Mixture (to be separated) shows positive deviation from ideality
Mixture (to be separated) shows negative deviation from ideality
Multicomponent distillation is involved

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Mass Transfer
Flash distillation is

Used for multicomponent systems like crude refining
Same as differential distillation
Same as simple distillation
Most useful for handling binary systems

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Mass Transfer
Bollman extractor

Employs only counter-current extraction
Is a centrifugal extractor
Is a static bed leaching equipment
Is used for extraction of oil from oilseed

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