Theory of Machine
The relation l = (2/3).(j + 2) apply only to kinematic chains in which lower pairs are used. This may be used to kinematic chains in which higher pairs are used, but each higher pair may be taken as equivalent to

Any one of these
Two lower pairs and one additional link
One lower pair and two additional links
Two lower pairs and two additional links

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Theory of Machine
Which of the following statements regarding laws governing the friction between dry surfaces are correct?

All of these
The friction force is dependent on the materials of the contact surfaces.
The friction force is directly proportional to the normal force.
The friction force is independent of me area of contact.

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