Theory of Machine
In gears, interference takes place when

Gears do not move smoothly in the absence of lubrication
Gear teeth are undercut
Pitch of the gears is not same
The tip of a tooth of a mating gear digs into the portion between base and root circles

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Theory of Machine
Crowning on pulleys helps

In increasing velocity ratio
For automatic adjustment of belt position so that belt runs centrally
Increase belt and pulley life
In decreasing the slip of the belt

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