Theory of Machine
In a band and block brake, the ratio of tensions on tight side and slack side of the band is (where μ = Coefficient of friction between the blocks and the drum, θ = Semi-angle of each block subtending at the center of drum, and n = Number of blocks)

T₁/T₂ = μ. θ. n
T₁/T₂ = (μ θ)n
T₁/T₂ = [(1 - μ tanθ)/(1 + μ tanθ)]n
T₁/T₂ = [(1 + μ tanθ)/(1 - μ tanθ)]n

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Theory of Machine
The relation l = (2/3).(j + 2) apply only to kinematic chains in which lower pairs are used. This may be used to kinematic chains in which higher pairs are used, but each higher pair may be taken as equivalent to

Two lower pairs and two additional links
One lower pair and two additional links
Two lower pairs and one additional link
Any one of these

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Theory of Machine
In a steam engine, the earlier cut-off with a simple slide valve may be obtained by increasing the steam lap and the angle of advance of the eccentric but keeping constant the travel and lead of the valve, this method will

Reduce length of effective stroke of piston
Cause withdrawing or throttling of steam
All of the listed here
Reduce maximum opening of port to steam

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