Theory of Machine
A single degree of freedom system is given by, m × (d²x/dt²) + c × (dx/dt) + sx = F.cosω.t with usual notations. It represents

Forced vibration without damping
Free vibration with damping
Forced vibration with damping
Free vibration without damping

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Theory of Machine
In the below figure, PC is the connecting rod and OC is the crank making an angle θ with the line of stroke PO and rotates with uniform angular velocity at ω rad/s. The Klien's acceleration diagram for determining the acceleration of the piston P is shown by quadrilateral CQNO, if N coincides with O, then

Acceleration and velocity of the piston P is zero
Acceleration and velocity of the piston P is maximum
Acceleration of the piston P is maximum and its velocity is zero
Acceleration of the piston P is zero and its velocity is maximum

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