Theory of Machine
A single degree of freedom system is given by, m × (d²x/dt²) + c × (dx/dt) + sx = F.cosω.t with usual notations. It represents

Forced vibration without damping
Free vibration with damping
Forced vibration with damping
Free vibration without damping

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Theory of Machine
The secondary unbalanced force due to inertia of reciprocating parts in a reciprocating engine is given by (where m = Mass of reciprocating parts, ω = Angular speed of crank, r = Radius of crank, θ = Angle of inclination of crank with the line of stroke, and n = Ratio of the length of connecting rod to radius of crank)

m.ω².r (cos 2θ/n)
m.ω².r sinθ
m.ω².r cosθ
m.ω².r (sin 2θ/n)

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Theory of Machine
Cam angle is defined as the angle

Through which, the cam rotates during the period in which the follower remains in the highest position
Of rotation of the cam for a definite displacement of the follower
During which the follower returns to its initial position
Moved by the cam from the instant the follower begins to rise, till it reaches its highest position

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