Theory of Machine
A governor is said to be stable, if the

Radius of rotation of balls decreases as the equilibrium speed increases
Radius of rotation of balls increases as the equilibrium speed decreases
Radius of rotation of balls decreases as the equilibrium speed decreases
Radius of rotation of balls increases as the equilibrium speed increases

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Theory of Machine
The displacement of the reciprocating roller follower, when it has contact with the straight flanks of the tangent cam, is given by (where r₁ = Minimum radius of the cam, r₂ = Radius of the roller follower, and θ = Angle turned by the cam from the beginning of the follower displacement)

(r₁ + r₂) [(1 - cosθ)/cosθ]
(r₁ - r₂) (1 - cosθ)
(r₁ + r₂) (1 + cosθ)
(r₁ - r₂) [(1 - cosθ)/cosθ]

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