Theory of Machine
A flywheel is fitted to the crankshaft of an engine having W as the amount of indicated work per revolution and permissible limits of coefficient of fluctuation of energy and speed as CE and CS respectively. The kinetic energy of the flywheel is given by

W CS / 2CE
W CE / CS
W CE / 2CS
2 W CE / CS

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Theory of Machine
In a steam engine, one method of obtaining the earlier cut-off with a simple slide valve is by increasing the angle of advance of the eccentric while the throw of the eccentric, steam lap and exhaust lap are kept constant. This method will

Cause withdrawing or throttling of steam
Reduce maximum opening of port to steam
All of these
Reduce length of effective stroke of piston

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