Highway Engineering
If the design speed is V kmph and deviation angle is N radians, then the total length of a valley curve in meters is given by the expression

0.38 N V3/2
0.38 (NV3)”2
3.8 NV”2
3.8 (NV3)”2

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Highway Engineering
Centre line markings are used

in roadways meant for two way traffic
to designate traffic lanes
to indicate that overtaking is not permitted
to designate proper lateral placement of vehicles before turning to different directions

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