Waste Water Engineering
Hydraulic mean radius is

Cross-sectional area/wetted perimeter
Difference in heads between two points in circular pipes
Mean radius of sewer
Mean of radii in a pipe line of varying cross -sections

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Waste Water Engineering
In the activated sludge process

Water is removed by centrifugal action
Aeration is done with an admixture of previously aerated sludge
Aeration is continued till stability
Sludge is activated by constant stirring

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