Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a vertical short tube evaporator (Calendria type), the

Area of central downtake is equal to 40 to 100% of total cross-sectional area of the surrounding tube
Tube dia of 2.5-7.5 cms, tube length of 75-200 cms and cylinderical drum dia of 1-6 metres are normally used
All of these
Liquor is inside the tube while the steam is outside the tube

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Mc Cable Thiele method used for finding theoretical stages in a distillation column assumes that the

Sensible heat differences are small, because the temperature changes from tray to tray is small
Liquid/vapor loading across the column remains constant
All of these
Trouton's rule is applicable

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