Process Equipment and Plant Design
In the case of a shell and tube heat exchanger, the logarithmic mean temperature difference

Is always less than arithmetic average value
Is always more than arithmetic mean value and the geometric mean value
May be either more or less than geometric mean and arithmetic mean value depending upon whether the flow of stream is co-current or counter-current
Is always less than arithmetic mean value, but more than geometric mean value

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the design of the bubble cap tray of a distillation column to give stable operation and even vapour distribution.

Tendency towards stable operation is increased by increasing the skirt clearance of the caps, lowering the rate of liquid flow per unit plate width or increasing the spacing between the caps
The pressure drop due to the caps & slots and the static submergence should be as high as practicable for reasonable operation
None of these
The dimensionless ratio of liquid gradient to pressure drop head caused by the bubble cap assembly should be less than 0.4

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement about the design of a sieve plate column.

For segmental downcomers, the chord length is 60-80% of the column diameter. An initial value of downcomer area of 12% is taken in the design
Minimum recommended downcomer residence time for the disengagement of entrained vapour is the same for both foaming and non-foaming liquids, which is about 20 seconds
Width of the calming section provided at the inlet and outlet sides of the plate is 75 mm for column diameter below 1.5 metres and 100 mm for larger diameter columns
An increased weir height improves the tray efficiency at the cost of high plate pressure drop; optimum wear height being 40-90 mm for column pressure above atmospheric and 6-12 mm for vacuum columns

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