Electrical Machines
Which of the following factors improve commutation in a dc machine ? 1. High contact resistance of brushes 2. High inductance of the coils undergoing commutation 3. Shifting of brushes in the direction of rotation for a generator and in the opposite direction For a motor 4. Narrow width for the commutation bars Select the correct answer using the codes given below : Codes :

 1, 2 and 4
 1, 2, and 3
 2, 3 and 4
 1 and 3

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Electrical Machines
In a dc generator operating on load with its brushes on the geometrical neutral axis (GNA), the magnetic neutral axis (MNA) is shifted in the direction of rotation. Now, if the brushes are given a lead of 90° (electrical), then the MNA will

 shift forward by more than 90°
 coincide with the GNA
 shift forward by 90°
 shift forward by less than 90°

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Electrical Machines
Consider the following statements about commutating poles which are fitted on most large dc Shunt motors: 1. The commutating poles are placed in the geometric neutral plane and their number is usually Equal to the number of main poles 2. The winding on the commutating poles is connected in series with the shunt-field winding on the main poles 3. The polarity of the commutating pole must be that of the next pole further ahead 4. The commutating poles neutralize the reactance voltage produced in the coil undergoing Commutation. Of these statements,

 1, 2 and 3 are correct
 1, 2 and 4 are correct
 1 and 4 are correct
 2, 3 and 4 are correct

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