Enzymes
Before they can react, many molecules need to be destabilized. This state is typically achieved through

changing the reaction from a biosynthetic to a catabolic pathway
oxidizing the molecules by removing electrons
the input of a small amount of activation energy
changing the three-dimensional shape of the molecule

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Enzymes
In the enzyme-catalyzed reaction shown below, what will be the effect on substances A, B, C, and D of inactivating the enzyme labeled E2? A ---(E1)---> B ---(E2)---> C ---(E3)--->

A, B, and C will still be produced, but not D
A will still be produced, but not B, C, or D
A, B, C, and D will all still be produced
A and B will still be produced, but not C or D

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Enzymes
The cleavage specificity of trypsin and chymotrypsin depend in part on the

size, shape, and charge of the active site or specificity pocket
proximity of Ser 195 to the active site or specificity pocket
absence of water in the active site
presence of a low-barrier hydrogen bond in the active site or specificity pocket

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