Theory of Machine
The relation l = (2/3).(j + 2) apply only to kinematic chains in which lower pairs are used. This may be used to kinematic chains in which higher pairs are used, but each higher pair may be taken as equivalent to

Two lower pairs and two additional links
One lower pair and two additional links
Two lower pairs and one additional link
Any one of these

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Theory of Machine
Two pulleys of radii r₁ and r₂ and at distance x apart are connected by means of a cross belt drive. The length of the belt is

π (r₁ - r₂) + [(r₁ - r₂)²/x] + 2x
π (r₁ + r₂) + [(r₁ + r₂)²/x] + 2x
π (r₁ - r₂) + [(r₁ + r₂)²/x] + 2x
π (r₁ + r₂) + [(r₁ - r₂)²/x] + 2x

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Theory of Machine
The steering of a ship means

Movement of a complete ship up and down in vertical plane about transverse axis
None of these
Turning of a complete ship in a curve towards right or left, while it moves forward
Rolling of a complete ship sideways

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