Theory of Machine
The tractive force in a locomotive with two cylinders is given by (where c = Fraction of reciprocating parts per cylinder, m = Mass of reciprocating parts, ω = Angular speed of crank, r = Radius of crank, and θ = Angle of inclination of crank to the line of stroke)

(1 - c).m.ω².r (cosθ - sinθ)
m.ω².r cosθ
m.ω².r (cosθ - sinθ)
m.ω².r sinθ

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Theory of Machine
In the below figure, PC is the connecting rod and OC is the crank making an angle θ with the line of stroke PO and rotates with uniform angular velocity at ω rad/s. The Klien's acceleration diagram for determining the acceleration of the piston P is shown by quadrilateral CQNO, if N coincides with O, then

Acceleration and velocity of the piston P is maximum
Acceleration of the piston P is maximum and its velocity is zero
Acceleration of the piston P is zero and its velocity is maximum
Acceleration and velocity of the piston P is zero

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Theory of Machine
The maximum fluctuation of energy is the

Ratio of the mean resisting torque to the work-done per cycle
Variations of energy above and below the mean resisting torque line
Sum of the maximum and minimum energies
Difference between the maximum and minimum energies

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